Papilionidae
Baroniinae
Papilioninae- Leptocircini
- Papilionini
- Chilasa
- Meandrusa
Papilio
(Achillides)- (Druryia)
- (Eleppone)
- (Heraclides)
- (Menelaides)
- P. acheron
- P. aegeus
- P. albinus
- P. alcmenor
- P. alphenor
- P. ambrax
- P. amynthor
- P. antonio
- P. ascalaphus
- P. bootes
- P. bridgei
- P. canopus
- P. castor
- P. deiphobus
- P. demetrius
- P. demolion
- P. diophantus
- P. dravidarum
- P. erskinei
- P. euchenor
- P. forbesi
- P. fuscus
- P. gambrisius
- P. gigon
- P. godeffroyi
- P. helenus
- P. hipponous
- P. hypsicles
- P. hystaspes
- P. inopinatus
- P. iswara
- P. iswaroides
- P. janaka
- P. jordani
- P. lampsacus
- P. liomedon
- P. lowii
- P. macilentus
- P. mahadeva
- P. mayo
- P. memnon
agenor- androgeos
- angustus
- clathratus
- duplex
- falsus
- heronus
- imperiosus
- laomedon
- mela
- memnoides
- memnon
- perlucidus
- primigenius
- pryeri
- sericatus
- subclathratus
- vinius
yunnanensis- P. nephelus
- P. noblei
- P. oenomaus
- P. phestus
- P. polymnestor
- P. polytes
- P. prexaspes
- P. protenor
- P. rumanzovia
- P. sataspes
- P. schmeltzi
- P. thaiwanus
- P. tydeus
- P. weymeri
P. woodfordi - (Papilio)
- (Princeps)
- (Pterourus)
- (Sinoprinceps)
- Teinopalpini
- Troidini
- Parnassiinae
- Pieridae
Species
Papilio (Menelaides) memnon Linnaeus, 1758
memnon Linnaeus, 1758
Original Description
Papilio (Eques) memnon Linnaeus, 1758
Type specimen(s)
Status: Lectotype Neotype
Specimen data: LT (♂)
Additional information: "Type M.L.U." (Corbet, 1941: 13). "LSL: 1♂ (with abdomen in a gelatin capsule) labelled "12 Memnon" [by Linnaeus], "Memnon 747" [by Smith] on a long black rusty pin (actually a sewing needle with the eye still intact, although broken,) bent over at the top. MLU: 1♂ labelled "Deiphobus [beta]" [by Aurivillius] on a black-edged label, [drawer labelled] "Deiphobus [beta], Mus. Gust. Adolph." [by Thunberg], "Memnon L., typ for beskrifn. i Mus. L. U. p. 193. (Auriv.)" [by Aurivillius], "Uppsala Univ. Zool. Mus., Linnésamlingen nr. 1880 Papilio deiphobus", here designated as LECTOTYPE [see also under deiphobus]; 1 ex., without abdomen, labelled "Memnon [alpha]" [by Aurivillius] on a black-edged label, [drawer labelled] "Memnon, Mus. Gust. Adolph." [by Thunberg], "Memnon L. varietas, se Mus. L. U. p. 193 (Auriv.)" [by Aurivillius], Uppsala Univ. Zool. Mus., Linnésamlingen nr. 1879, Papilio memnon". " (Honey & Scoble 2001: 347-348).
Current depository: LSLO, London
Type locality
Type locality as cited in original description: "Asia"
Current country: Indonesia
Taxonomic history
Originally described as Papilio (Eques) memnon Linnaeus, 1758
Treated as a species of Papilio by Boisduval (1836:192), Gray (1853:13), and Staudinger (1888: 278). Treated as a species of Papilio Linn., 1767 by Kirby (1871: 552). Treated as a species of Papilio Linnaeus, 1758 by Talbot (1939: 127), Munroe (1961: 43), and Eliot (1978: 422). Treated as a species of Papilio by Tsukada & Nishiyama (1982: 356), and by Treadaway (1995: 18). Treated as a species of Princeps Hübner, [1807] (Menelaides Hübner, [1819]) by Hancock (1983: 48). Treated as a species of Papilio (Princeps) by Collins & Morris (1985: 98). Treated as a species of Papilio Linnaeus, 1758 (Princeps Hübner, [1807]) by Eliot (1992: 395). Treated as a species of Menelaides Hübner, 1819 by Page & Treadaway (2003: 9). Treated as a species of Papilio Linnaeus, 1758 (Menelaides Hübner, [1819]) by Vane-Wright & de Jong (2003: 89). Treated as a species of Papilio Linnaeus, 1758 (Menelaides Hübner, 1819) by Peggie et al. (2005: 54).
Treated as a species of Papilio by Boisduval (1836:192), Gray (1853:13), and Staudinger (1888: 278). Treated as a species of Papilio Linn., 1767 by Kirby (1871: 552). Treated as a species of Papilio Linnaeus, 1758 by Talbot (1939: 127), Munroe (1961: 43), and Eliot (1978: 422). Treated as a species of Papilio by Tsukada & Nishiyama (1982: 356), and by Treadaway (1995: 18). Treated as a species of Princeps Hübner, [1807] (Menelaides Hübner, [1819]) by Hancock (1983: 48). Treated as a species of Papilio (Princeps) by Collins & Morris (1985: 98). Treated as a species of Papilio Linnaeus, 1758 (Princeps Hübner, [1807]) by Eliot (1992: 395). Treated as a species of Menelaides Hübner, 1819 by Page & Treadaway (2003: 9). Treated as a species of Papilio Linnaeus, 1758 (Menelaides Hübner, [1819]) by Vane-Wright & de Jong (2003: 89). Treated as a species of Papilio Linnaeus, 1758 (Menelaides Hübner, 1819) by Peggie et al. (2005: 54).
Remarks
Lectotype designated by Honey & Scoble (2001: 348). "Remarks. Described as an MLU species and figured by Clerck on the so-called supplementary plates (pl. 8, fig. 1). In 1764 Linnaeus gave the erroneous type locality "Luzonum insulis" [Luzon] and indicated that he had more than one specimen by stating "Varietas forte ....". Thunberg (1804) only listed a single specimen of memnon in the MLU collection although he cited two specimens ([alpha] and [beta]) of deiphobus. The [beta] specimen was later identified by Aurivillius (1882: 17) as a specimen of memnon. Aurivillius also considered the Petiver figure and description by Ray cited by Linnaeus in the original description to represent emalthion Hübner [1819], now treated as a junior subjective synonym of rumanzovi Eschscholtz, 1819. In 1767 Linnaeus changed the locality to "China" and the description was modified to correspond to the specimens from China ("basi paribus 4, subrotundis, rubris, confertis"). One such specimen is that in the MLU labelled as "Memnon [alpha]", by Aurivillius, but the "true" memnon is the specimen labelled as "deiphobus [beta]", which we have selected as lectotype. Rothschild (1895: 312) and later Corbet (1949: 186) correctly considered Linnaeus's reference to China as the type locality to be erroneous. The fact that Linnaeus himself was confused about the identity of this species can be seen in the citation of the Petiver reference, which he listed under both memnon and, six species earlier, deiphobus. Corbet (1949) cited the "true habitat" [type locality] of memnon as Java, and his action was followed by Tsukada & Nishiyama in Tsukada (1982b: 357). The species is polytypic and the female sex polymorphic. Type species of the genus Iliades Hübner [1819], currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Papilio Linnaeus 1758. See deiphobus." (Honey & Scoble 2001: 348)